Understanding Types of Hyperpigmentation: PIE, PIH, Melasma – and How to Treat Them Effectively
May 14, 2025Hyperpigmentation is one of the most common skin concerns people face, but it’s also one of the most misunderstood. From reddish marks after acne to persistent brown patches on the cheeks, different forms of hyperpigmentation need distinct treatments. In this guide, we’ll break down the types of hyperpigmentation — PIE, PIH, and Melasma — their causes, how to identify them, and the best actives and skincare routines to effectively treat each type. As always, Juicy Chemistry brings you science-first, dermatologist-informed insights with a clean, certified organic approach to skincare.
1. Post-Inflammatory Erythema (PIE)
PIE is the pink, red, or purple mark that remains on your skin after a pimple or skin injury. It’s caused by damage to the blood vessels and capillaries under the skin, not by melanin overproduction.
🧬 Root Cause:
Inflammation-induced vascular damage
🎯 Best Suited Actives:
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Niacinamide1: Known for its ability to reduce inflammation, enhance barrier repair, and diminish redness.
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Azelaic Acid2: Offers anti-inflammatory and vasoconstrictive benefits, making it effective for calming irritated skin.
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Centella Asiatica3 (CICA): Renowned for its soothing properties, it aids in calming inflammation and promoting skin healing.
🧖♀️ Routine Tips:
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Opt for gentle, non-stripping cleansers to maintain the skin's natural barrier.
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Avoid over-exfoliation to prevent additional irritation.
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Regularly incorporate serums that focus on barrier repair and calming ingredients for optimal skin health.
2. Post-Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation (PIH)
PIH refers to brown or black flat spots left behind after acne or skin trauma. It’s more common in medium to deeper skin tones due to excess melanin production.
🧬 Root Cause:
Overstimulation of melanocytes due to inflammation
🎯 Best Suited Actives:
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Alpha Arbutin4: Helps control melanin production by inhibiting the enzyme tyrosinase.
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Ectoine5: Regulates melanin production and helps combat oxidative stress.
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Niacinamide: Minimises melanin transfer to skin cells.
🧖♀️ Routine Tips:
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Incorporate brightening serums into your morning and evening routines.
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Minimise sun exposure and consistently use SPF protection.
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Be patient, as post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) typically improves over a few weeks.
3. Melasma
Melasma is a chronic skin condition that presents as large, symmetrical patches of brown pigmentation — often triggered by hormones, UV exposure, or genetic factors. It's notoriously hard to treat and prone to recurrence.
🧬 Root Cause:
Hormonal imbalances, UV exposure, and genetic predisposition or a combination of these.
🎯 Best Suited Actives:
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Alpha Arbutin6: Helps reduce melanin, reducing appearance of age spots, freckles, melasma, and PIH.
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Niacinamide7: Offers anti-inflammatory benefits and helps regulate pigmentation.
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Azelaic Acid8: A multi-functional ingredient that addresses both inflammation and pigmentation concerns.
🧖♀️ Routine Tips:
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Incorporate pigmentation-reducing active ingredients into your daily skincare routine.
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Always use a broad-spectrum SPF to protect your skin from further UV damage.
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Layering with antioxidants and calming serums can provide added benefits.
Conclusion
Understanding what type of hyperpigmentation you have is the first step in choosing the right treatment. Juicy Chemistry’s new actives range targets specific concerns with certified organic, clinically proven ingredients. From Azelaic Acid to Alpha Arbutin and Niacinamide, our potent yet skin-friendly formulations are crafted to gently and effectively fade all types of hyperpigmentation — while staying kind to your skin and the planet.
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