Understanding Acne: Types, Causes & the Best Actives for Clearer Skin
May 14, 2025Acne: It’s one of the most common skin concerns globally — affecting teenagers, adults, and even those well into their 40s. Yet, it remains one of the most misunderstood. At Juicy Chemistry, where science meets the soul of organic skincare, we're breaking down everything you need to know about acne — what it is, why it happens, and how the right actives, used mindfully, can help you achieve clearer skin without compromising your skin barrier.
What Is Acne?
Acne is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that occurs when hair follicles become clogged with oil (sebum) and dead skin cells. It can manifest as:
• Whiteheads
• Blackheads
• Papules
• Pustules
• Nodules
• Cystic lesions
While often associated with adolescence, adult acne is increasingly common due to factors like hormonal fluctuations, stress, pollution, and inappropriate skincare.
The Different Types of Acne
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Comedonal Acne: This type of acne, characterized by whiteheads and blackheads, occurs due to clogged pores and is usually non-inflammatory.
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Inflammatory Acne: This includes papules and pustules, which are marked by redness, swelling, and tenderness.
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Nodulocystic Acne: This severe form presents as deep, painful nodules and cysts beneath the skin's surface. If left untreated, they can leave behind stubborn scars.
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Fungal Acne (Malassezia folliculitis): Resulting from an overgrowth of yeast, fungal acne is often misidentified as traditional acne and typically appears as uniform, itchy bumps.
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Hormonal Acne: Commonly seen around the jawline and chin, this type is linked to hormonal fluctuations, PCOS, or stress-induced androgen imbalances.
Common Causes of Acne
Acne is a prevalent skin condition that affects individuals of all ages. Understanding its underlying causes can help in managing and preventing breakouts more effectively. Here are some of the most common contributors:
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Excess Sebum Production
The skin produces an oily substance called sebum, which can act as a natural moisturizer. However, when produced in excess, it can lead to clogged pores and significantly increase the likelihood of acne.
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Hormonal Imbalances
Fluctuations in hormones, particularly during puberty, menstruation, pregnancy, or due to certain medical conditions, can trigger increased oil production. This often leads to breakouts, especially in the chin and jawline areas.
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Bacterial Proliferation (C. acnes)
The skin hosts various bacteria, including Propionibacterium acnes (C. acnes), which can become problematic when excess sebum and dead skin cells accumulate. This bacteria thrives in clogged pores, leading to inflammation and acne development.
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Clogged Hair Follicles from Dead Skin
A natural part of skin renewal is the shedding of dead skin cells. When these cells do not slough off appropriately, they can mix with oil and clog hair follicles, leading to the formation of acne.
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Inflammation
Acne is often accompanied by inflammation, resulting in red, swollen, and painful lesions. This inflammatory response can be triggered by various factors, including bacterial growth and hormonal changes.
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Diet, Stress, and Lifestyle
Certain dietary choices, high stress levels, and lifestyle factors can influence acne. Diets rich in refined sugars and dairy have been linked to increased breakouts. Similarly, stress can exacerbate inflammation and hormonal fluctuations, further contributing to acne development.
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Comedogenic Skincare Products
Not all skincare products are created equal. Comedogenic products can clog pores and lead to breakouts. It’s essential to choose non-comedogenic options, especially for those with acne-prone skin.
Best Actives to Treat Different Types of Acne
1. Salicylic Acid (BHA)1
Why?
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Penetrates deep into pores due to its oil-solubility
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Exfoliates and effectively unclogs pores
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Helps reduce blackheads and whiteheads
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Possesses anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties
Ideal For?
Those with oily, acne-prone skin with clogged pores or blackheads.
Recommended Product?
Juicy Chemistry's 2% Encapsulated Salicylic Acid + 1% Zinc PCA Serum
2. Niacinamide2,3
Why?
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Regulates sebum production
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Soothes inflammation and reduces redness
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Minimises the appearance of enlarged pores
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Helps fade post-acne marks (PIH)
Ideal For?
Those with sensitive and combination to oily skin types.
Recommended Product?
Juicy Chemistry’s 12% Niacinamide + 2% Ectoine Serum
3. Azelaic Acid4
Why?
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Exhibits antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and keratolytic properties
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Helps with post-inflammatory redness (PIE) and pigmentation (PIH)
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Great for rosacea-prone and sensitive skin.
Ideal For?
Those with inflammatory acne and post inflammatory pigmentation.
Product Recommendation:
Juicy Chemistry’s 10% Azelaic Acid + HA Serum
4. Lactic Acid (AHA)5
Why?
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Gently exfoliates the dead skin cells on the skin's surface
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Improves skin texture and tone
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Exhibits hydrating properties unlike other AHAs
Ideal For?
Those with dry, dull skin and mild comedones.
Product Recommended?
Juicy Chemistry’s 5% Lactic Acid Exfoliating Serum
5. Zinc PCA6
Why?
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Sebum regulating
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Antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory
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Reduces shine and soothes skin
Ideal For?
Those with oily, acne-prone or inflamed skin. It is best combined with Niacinamide or Salicylic Acid.
Myth-Busting: Does Acne-Prone Skin Need Moisture?
Absolutely! Over-drying the skin can cause rebound oiliness. Use lightweight, non-comedogenic hydrating serums and moisturisers. Ingredients like Hyaluronic Acid and Panthenol work beautifully to support the skin barrier without increasing the risk of clogged pores.
Juicy Chemistry’s Approach to Acne
We believe in biocompatible, organic formulations that work *with* your skin, not against it. Every acne-focused product in our lineup is:
• Dermatologically Tested
• Certified Organic
• Backed by Active Science
• Free from known irritants (synthetic fragrance, parabens, sulfates)
More than treating acne, we aim to support your skin barrier and reduce long-term sensitivity.
In Closing
There’s no one-size-fits-all solution to acne. But with the right actives, a gentle routine, and consistency, real transformation is possible. Juicy Chemistry’s active-powered, organic skincare is here to support your journey — from breakout to barrier repair.
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